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Objectives of this experiment:
1. To construct Amplitude Modulator using transistor and to demonstrate how much intelligence can be added, to a carrier and observe the amplitude modulated waveforms and check the % of modulation.
2. To demonstrate how intelligence can be recovered from an amplitude-modulated carrier by using diode demodulator, It has got three parts namely RF oscillator, AM modulator and AM demodulator.

Built in regulated power supply: +15V/300mA
Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated.
Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms.
Weight: 500gms

Objectives of this experiment:
1. To Construct and properly adjust a balanced modulator, and study its operation.
2. To observe that the output is a double side band, with a suppressed-carrier signal.
3. To adjust it for optimum carrier suppression.
4. To verify that the input audio-level directly affects the double side-band output amplitude.
5. To observe that the output is minimum with zero audio input. 6. To measure carrier only output and the peak side-band output, and to calculate the carrier suppression.

Built in regulated power supply: + 12V/300mA.
Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated.
Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms.
Weight: 500gms

Objectives of this experiment:
1. To construct an FSK receiver, using a phase-locked loop and an operational amplifier to demodulate the FSK signal, by adjusting the PLL to the centre of the FSK signal.
2. To prove this fact by comparing the steady state 8 input and output levels (i.e.) the PLL output followed the input level exactly.

Built in regulated power supply: + 5V/300mA Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated. Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms. Weight: 500gms

Objectives of this experiment:
1. To demonstrate how the modulating signal changes frequency of the carrier rather than amplitude and observe the frequency modulated waveform on CRO. To study the changes in carrier center frequency & To study the frequency deviation. To study how the phase lock loop can be used for demodulation and the audio signal is demodulated.

Built in regulated power supply: +5V/150mA, -5V/150mA, +15V/300mA.
Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated.
Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms.
Weight: 500gms

Objectives of this experiment:
1. To construct an FSK transmitter, similar to those used in data communications systems and simplex made of operation.
2. To measure its "LOW" output frequency (900 Hz to 1000 Hz) when its data input terminal is grounded and "HIGH' output frequency (110 Hz to 1200 Hz) when its data input terminal is connected to VCC.
3. To connect the data input terminal to the square-wave signal that simulates a data pulse train that changes the output signal's frequency shift in response to the square-wave input.

Built in regulated power supply: +15V/300mA Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated. Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms. Weight: 500gms

Objectives of this experiment:
1. To demonstrate how a carrier's instantaneous phase angle is made to vary in proportion to the modulating signal's amplitude.
2. To demonstrate the effect of frequency deviation when the modulating signal crosses zero axis.
3. To demonstrate how phase change occurs when the modulating wave changes polarity from + to - and from - to +. To demonstrate why phase modulation is some times called as indirect FM.

Built in regulated power supply: + 15V/300mA Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated. Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms. Weight: 500gms

Objectives of this experiment:
1. To construct a pulse amplitude modulation generator and to observe the characteristics of both single and dual-polarity pulse amplitude modulation.
2. To construct a PAM generator, using an IC - timer as a sampling clock.
3. To observe how its output can control a C-MOS sampling switch.
4. To identify that this output wave is a dual-polarity PAM and To adjust the depth and frequency of modulation.
5. To obtain a single-polarity PAM from this circuit, by adding a DC reference level to the input sine wave.
6. To observe that the output waveform is a Single Polarity PAM.
7. To observe the demodulated waveform using detector.

Built in regulated power supply: +9V/300mA.
Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated.
Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms.
Weight: 500gms

Objectives of this experiment:
This training board consists of the main pulse coder & decoder. The frequency and amplitude of the required clock generator. pulse generator and the audio generator can be adjusted. In PCM the message signal is sampled and the amplitude of each sample is rounded off to the nearest one of a finite set of allowable values, so that both time and amplitude are in discrete form. This allows the message to be transmitted by means of coded electrical signals. Thus, the study of PCM & demodulation is necessary in order to understand Communication system, Lab PCM trainer consists of Built in.
1. Pulse generator (sync pulse) of frequency up to 1.5MHz.
2. Clock generator of frequency (Clock pulse) up to 9KHz.
3. Audio generator (Sine wave) of frequency up to 4 KHz.

Built in regulated power supply: + 5V/300mA; -5V/300mA; 15V/150mA; -15V/250mA. Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated. Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms. Weight: 500gms

Objectives of this experiment:
1. To construct the pulse-position and pulse width demodulation training board.
2. To show the pulse width and pulse position modulation signal is demodulated.
3. To show that the PWM demodulated output is nearly the same as the modulating frequency by using phase locked loop demodulator.

Built in regulated power supply: + 9V/150mA, -9V/150mA. Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated. Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms. Weight: 500gms

1. To construct a pulse position carrier generator.
2. To show how this pulse position modulation (PPM) is modulated by any external AF modulating frequency.
3. To observe that the position/width of the pulses are altered although the amplitude of the modulating frequency is varied.
4. To establish the relationship between the pulse position/width variation and amplitude of the modulating frequency,
5. To observe that the pulse height is constant although the amplitude of modulating frequency is varied.

Built in regulated power supply + 5V/300mA. Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated. Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms. Weight: 500gms

Objectives of this experiment:
1.To construct a carrier wave generator and the balanced modulator (diode bridge type)
2. To observe that the output is a double side band suppressed carrier signal.
3. To verify that the input audio level directly affects the double side-band output amplitude.

Built in regulated power supply: +15V/300mA.
Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated.
Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms.
Weight: 500gms

Objectives of this experiment:
To construct a pulse duration modulator, to construct 3 - channel time spanision multiplex generator, which uses pulse duration modulation (PDM). To measure the characteristics of Time Division Multiplex generator and verify its operation.

Built in regulated power supply: +5V/300mA Input Supply: 230 VAC/50Hz mains operated. Dimension: 27cms x 17cms x 10cms. Weight: 500gms