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Thermal expansion of metals is easily demonstrated using the ball and ring apparatus. The ball passes freely through the ring when both the ball and ring are at the same temperature. However, after the application of heat, the ball cannot pass through the ring until it cools to the same temperature, or the ring is heated.

To determination of heat transfer rate, LMTD, heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness of heat exchanger. Unit consists of a copper tube inside a G I pipe, hot water from geyser flows through the inner tube and cold water flows through outer tubes. Hot water flows in one direction, cold water can be changed parallel or counter. temperature and flow rate of water measured.

To determination of heat exchanger, heat transfer coefficient, LMTD and effectiveness of the exchanger. Unit consists of a G I pipe, copper pipe with longitudinal fins over the periphery is fitted inside. Hot fluid is water obtained from geyser. Flows through the copper pipe. Cold fluid is air. flows over the fins. Direction of hot water is fixed, direction of air can be changed. Various measurement are provided.

To compare the performance of finned tube with plain tube heat exchanger. two heat exchangers operating Operating in parallel and are concentric tube type. Inner tube carries hot fluid and cold luid flows outside. Hot fluid is water and obtained from heaters. Cold fluid is air supplied by blower to both exchangers. one exchanger with plain inner tube & other with finned tube.

To determine LMTD , heat transfer rate and effectiveness of heat exchanger. cross flow heat exchanger is air to air type.air flow supplied by blower. Hot air obtained passing air over a bank of finned tubes. Hot air flows through a tubes while cold air flows over the tubes at right angle to hot air.