Products

12 Bit ADC (AD 7109) module is a single channel, high performance, low power integrating ADC. This module accepts true differential inputs, in the range of ?5V DC. Conversion rate is 30 conversions / second. An on board 3.58 MHz crystal clock is provided to drive the ICL 7109. . All inputs fully protected against static discharge, useful in the design of analytical instruments, process instruments and or using low speed transducers. The module utilizes Intersil?s ICL 7109, a 12-bit binary A to D converter for microprocessor interface. The ICL 7109 is a high performance, low power integrating, microprocessor compatible A to D converters. The module is designed to interface with all the microprocessor trainers. The module needs an external supply of +5V @ 500mA, and a -5V @ 300mA to power up the system.

Specifications:

• 12 BIT analog to digital converter.
  
• Uni-polar or bipolar inputs in the range of ?5V DC.
  
• 30 conversion/sec.
  
• Microprocessor compatible.
  
• Compatible with all Microprocessor and Micro controller trainer
  
• Requires external power supply of 12V DC @ 250mA, and +5V DC @ 500mA
  
• Assembled in an elegant sloping cabinet.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBR-1.

This is a high-speed 12-bit ADC (AD 574) module. This module is compatible to MPT-85 and IBR-1. The conversion time of this module is 20? sec. This accepts ?5V DC input signals. This module requires power supply of ?12V DC @ 250mA and +5V DC@ 250 mA. The input to this module is buffered. This module can be connected to output of any transducer modules.

Specifications:

• 12 BIT analog to digital converter.
  
• Uni-polar or bipolar inputs in the range of ?5V DC.
  
• 20? sec conversion time.
  
• Microprocessor compatible.
  
• Suitable for transducer applications.
  
• Requires external power supply of ?12V DC @ 250mA and +5V DC@ 250 mA.
  
• Assembled in an elegant sloping cabinet.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBL-IBR-1.

This module is used to acquire analog signals from any transducer after suitable signal conditioning, or from any analog source. The analog input must be in the range of 20mV to 5V DC. 16 independent analog inputs can be connected to this experimental module. These analog signals can be from transducer interface like, LVDT, Strain gauge, Load cell, Torque transducer, function generator etc. This module has a monolithic CMOS device,

with an 8-bit analog to digital converter. 16 channel multiplexer is built into this device, and they are Microprocessor compatible logic levels. 7 LEDs monitor the status of channel selected and control lines. This module needs external power supply of +5V DC @ 300mA.

Specifications:

• 16 Independent analog input channels.
  
• Analog input in the range of 20mV to 5V DC.
  
• 7 LEDs indicate status of channel selected and control signals.
  
• Crystal controlled 1 MHz oscillator provides clock pulses.
  
• Assembled in an elegant sloping cabinet.
  
• External power supply of 5V DC @ 500mA required.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBL-IBR-1.

This is a 4-20mA current transmitter module. This module has 2 independent current transmitter channels. Each channel accepts a variable DC voltage in the range of 0 to 5 V at its input terminals. The module produces output current in the range of 4 to 20mA. For 0V input, the output current is 4mA. For 5V input, the output current is 20mA. The output current can also be adjusted for a span of 0 to 20mA. This module requires external power supply ?12V DC @ 250mA, + 5V @ 250mA.

Specifications:

• Input : 0 to 5V DC O
• utput : 4 to 20mA and adjustable
• Requires external power supply ?12V DC @ 250mA, + 5V @ 250mA.

This is a 7-segment display interface module. The purpose of this module is to provide means to learn interfacing program techniques using varieties of controllers. This is an interface module to be operated with any of the Microprocessor trainers, Microcontoller trainer, PIC trainer for embedded applications or to an IBM TTL I/O card for programming.

There are 4 independent displays on this module. It is possible to set any desired number (0 to 9 and special characters) on any one display or a combination of displays or all the four displays by programming a controller. For this purpose, all the BCD signal (4 bit) inputs of each display are available for interface with the controller at its I/O connector. This requires an optional controller for interface purpose and an external power supply of +5V DC@ 250mA is required to power this interface module

The ADC used in this interface module is a data acquisition component. It is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog to digital converter with 8 channels multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage spanider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register. The 8 channels multiplexer can directly access any one of 8-single ended analog signals, and provides the logic for additional channel expansion. Signal conditioning of any analog input signal is eased by direct access to the multiplexer output, and to the input of 8-bit A/D converter. 8 channels multiplexer are built in this device, and they are Microprocessor compatible logic levels. This module needs external power supply, of +5V DC @ 300mA.

Specifications:

• 8 independent analog input channels.
  
• 0V to 5V analog input voltage range with single 5V supply.
  
• Easy to interface with all microprocessors.
  
• No zero adjust is required.
  
• Assembled in an elegant sloping cabinet.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBL-IBR-1.

This consists of a programmable communication interface and necessary hardware for communication in RS232C standards. Using this trainer the student can experiment to understand various protocols for serial communications. Typical study experiments are for
1. Synchronous and Asynchronous transmission
2. Internal and external character synchronization
3. Generation of Synchronous baud rate generation
4. Full Duplex Transmitter and Receiver
5. All input outputs are TTL compatible.
6. Single TTL clock

This unit can be interfaced with System Bus of Microprocessor Trainer Model MPT-85. This unit requires an external pulse generator for generating data stream.

Using this trainer it is possible to observe the following signals
Reset, Clock, C/D, Read, write, CTS, DSR, RxRDY, TxRDY etc.

This unit has built-in power supplies necessary for RS232C interface also.

8253 is a programmable interval timer / counter. Timer applications in electronic instruments are very wide and important. 8253 has three timer / counters built-in one IC. Each timer can be independently programmed under 5 different modes. They are; interrupt on terminal count (mode 0), programmable one shot (mode 1), rate generator (mode 2), and square wave rate

generator (mode 3), software triggered strobe (mode 4), and hardware triggered strobe. To experiment each of the above, we need clock input, gate control, and power supply. This trainer has all the necessary facilities, to experiment. Programs and listings are supplied.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to Microprocessor trainer MPT-85 at system bus.

IC 8255 is a programmable input / output peripheral interface. This IC has three numbers of 8 bit I/O ports. By programming, each port can be configured to be an input mode or output mode. This is achieved by connecting this module to a Microprocessor unit, as an input / output. This module makes use of, 8255s used in Microprocessor trainer. This IC can be programmed

in three modes. They are: Basic Input / output (mode 0), strobed I/O (mode - 1), strobed Bi-directional Bus I/O (mode 2). To experiment an 8255 for the above, the trainer is provided with 8 bit Switches, 2 bit independent, de-bounced pulsar outputs, 8 bit tri-state buffer amplifier, 8 bit LED indicator and a built-in power supply. In addition to this, an ergonomically designed front panel with spring activated connecting terminals are provided. With these facilities, this trainer will be self-sufficient. In short using this trainer, all the above modes can be experimented.

Specifications:

• 8 bit SPDT switches and 8 bit LEDs.
  
• Independent de-bounced pulsar switches- 2 Nos.
  
• 8 bit tri-state buffer amplifiers.
  
• Spring activated connecting terminals at appropriate places.
  
• Built-in power supply.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBL-IBR-1.

Interrupt by the very name suggests that a normal sequence of execution is temporarily suspended and another task to be performed. For example, Power fail routine must be given highest priority to save the data and control parameters, before the CPU is switched OFF or when the power fails. When the power supply is restored, the CPU must know where to continue and perform its task with out break. So this can be called as an occurrence of an interruption in the normal sequence of execution. But depending on the priority, the order or Priority can be assigned in the firmware setup.

This trainer provides necessary facilities to experiment the above for better understanding. We use INTEL make 8259 PIC device. In order to support generation of priority of interrupt 8- numbers of switches connected. Using these switches, the programmer can write his application programs and test his software.

This unit is connected to the System bus of the Microprocessor Trainer Model MPT-85. This unit has built-in power supply.

This trainer uses popular INTEL 8279 Programmable keyboard / display device. This device has capability to scan 8 X 8 matrix scanned key contact switches as input device. There are many modes of scanning keyboard switches, as described by the device specifications.

Keyboard: This is an input device. In this interface trainer we use 23 scanned keys and a hardware key for external Reset. The user program decides the type of scanning and the method to input the logged data from key sensors.

Display: This is an output device. The device provides scanned display for LED, and other popular display devices. This trainer consists of 6 Nos. of software controlled 7 segment display with necessary buffer drivers. The student has to make an application program to log the input and output devices using necessary I/O protocol sequence as described in the device data sheet. This trainer requires an external +5 V DC@ 200mA power supply. The input output connections to and from this interface module is through a 26 Pin FRC cable.

This interface module requires Microprocessor Trainer Model MPT-85 for control applications.

Specifications:

• Input: 24 low profile feather touch keys
  
• Output: 6 numbers of software controlled 7-segment display
  
• Connector: Using 26 Pin FRC ribbon cable.

The rotational speed of a DC motor is directly proportional to the mean value of its supply voltage when operated under pulsed condition. If the motor is operating at a frequency 'f' and at an

operating voltage of say +24V DC, then the pulse amplitude from the driver has to be 24V DC under all conditions at the given frequency. Under these conditions the speed is dependent on the duty cycle of the pulses from the driver. This type of circuit provides complete speed control from minimum to maximum speeds at reasonably high torque. The trainer makes use of a chopper circuit for speed control.

This trainer has all the facilities to vary the speed of the DC motor, observe wave forms at different test points in the circuit, namely at the output of oscillator, amplifier, driver, and at motor terminals. A recording of these observations in terms of amplitudes, pulse width, shape of pulses will provide a good understanding of how speed control can be achieved at different speeds.

This trainer is intended to demonstrate the speed control of a permanent magnet DC motor. This motor is mechanically coupled to a Tacho-Generator. Changing the voltage of armature from 0 to 24VDC controls the DC motor speed. As the voltage varies, the armature current increases and in turn the speed increases.

The change in armature voltage can be changed in this trainer

Either by varying a potentiometer by DC voltage control or
By pulse width modulated CHOPPER DRIVE, or
It is possible to provide external pulses modulation from your circuitry also for exciting the motor. This external pulse modulation can be provided from any external controller like Microprocessor trainers Model MPT-85 or MPT-J-85 or MPT-86, Microcontroller trainer Model MCT-31, PLC trainer Model IM-29 or and Data Acquisition System Trainer Model DAS-1.

Servo systems find extensive applications in position controllers. A typical example is in automatic positioning of radar. The position of radar changes during tracking. In order to determine the new position, the current position from the desired position is determined. The error is amplified and a control signal is sent to the controller. Thus, radar changes to its new position. This is also true in case of servo stabilizer.

The DC Servo motor demonstrator is a Microprocessor based trainer. An optical position feedback sensor gives the status of the current position, to the controller. As the desired position is fed into the instrument, the difference between the current position and the desired position in terms of angular displacement is computed, and a control is issued.

Using this trainer, the student learns how to program to position the shaft of the motor for the following:

• Program to run the motor in clockwise and anti-clockwise direction,
  
• Program to stop the motor after 1 rotation or multiples of 1 rotation,
  
• Program to change the direction of rotation after one rotation/s,
  
• Program to count the number of rotations executed,
  
• Program to position in steps of 5 degree or multiples of 5 degrees.
  
• The trainer consists of a DC Motor operating at 12V DC. The feedback is provided by two optical sensors. The interface electronics has amplifiers, detectors, drivers and power supply

Specifications:

• 12V DC operated motor.
  
• Optical sensor to detect the current position of the shaft of the motor.
  
• Built-in signal conditioners, power drivers, and power supply.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBR-1.

This is a single channel 8 BIT digital to analog converter module. This module works exactly the same as Dual digital to analog converter module. An external power supply of ?12V @ 250mA and +5V required. We recommend, electronic design experimenter Model EDE-1 for this.

Specifications:

• One number, 8-BIT programmable digital to analog converter.
  
• Buffered output.
  
• Unipolar or bipolar outputs by jumper selection.
  
• In unipolar mode output is 0-5V DC. In bipolar mode, the output is ?2.5V DC.
  
• 8 LEDs monitor the status of DAC.
  
• Assembled in an elegant sloping cabinet.
  
• An external power supply of ?12V @ 250mA and +5V required.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBL-IBR-1.

This is an 8-bit high-speed digital to analog converter module. This module has two independent DAC channels. The output amplitude of digital to analog converter modules is programmable. The output is jumper selected for either unipolar or bipolar mode. In unipolar mode the output is programmable from 0 to +5volts.

In bipolar mode the output is programmable approximately ?2.5volts. The outputs are buffered through amplifiers. A set of 8 LEDs per channel monitor, the data arriving at the input of each DAC. This information is useful to know the output status of DAC.

Specifications:

• 8-BIT programmable digital to analog converter on two independent channels.
  
• Outputs of each channel buffered.
  
• Unipolar or bipolar outputs by jumper selection.
  
• In unipolar mode the output is 0-5V DC. In bipolar mode, the output is ?2.5V DC.
  
• 16 LEDs monitor the status of Data to two DACs. I.e., 8 LEDs per DAC channel.
  
• Assembled in an elegant sloping cabinet.
  
• Built-in power supply.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBL-IBR-1.

Relay works under the principle of Electro-magnetic induction. An electric current passing through a coil wound on soft iron core. The iron core is magnetized as long as the current flows through the coil. As a result of this, a spring activated metallic contactor, is attracted towards this iron core, causing a mechanical movement. This principle is used to our advantage. There are two important principles demonstrated in this device, namely CAUSE & EFFECT. A relay connects two devices working in different electrical conditions.

I.e. mechanically connected and electrically isolated. For example: A digital system works at 5V DC and a fan works with 230V AC. Because the current flowing through a coil from a digital system, operating at 5V DC energizes the iron core; there is an effect of movable arm of the relay shifting its initial position. These switches ON a 230V AC operated bulb. The function of a Relay module is to show how a Microprocessor program can operate the relays and actuate high power devices. Some of the devices that can be actuated are like 230V AC lamps, blowers, contactors, fans, solenoids etc., which require 230 V AC supply for energisation. There are two relays placed on this module, which can be programmed by the Microprocessor either for ON or OFF condition. Each relay is housed in a transparent enclosure, to enable a student to see the movement of movable arm of the relay, while it gets actuated. The student is benefited by observing this phenomena.

Specifications:

• Two relays are used.
  
• Each relay operates @ 230V AC @ 0.5A.
  
• Two AC sockets are provided for connecting two numbers of 230V AC actuated devices.
  
• Inputs are TTL compatible.
  
• Spark quenching electronics incorporated.
  
• Requires external power supply of+12V DC@500mA. Model EDE-1 is suitable for this

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBR-1.

This is same as single stepper motor module, except in this there are two numbers of 3Kg/cm2 stepper motors are connected with interface electronics in this module. This module comes along with 3Kg/cm2 stepper motor/motors. Number of steps and direction are programmable. This module requires external control system.

Specifications:

• Two numbers of 3Kg/cm2 Stepper motor supplied.
  
• Built-in power supply.
  
• Interface electronics included for two motors.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBR-1.

This is a flexible manufacturing system trainer. The purpose of the system is to sort out the wooden pieces and metal pieces, which are moving on a conveyor belt by a program. In order to facilitate this, the following are built into the system. They are

a) There are two 12 inch conveyor belts. Each belt moves in the opposite direction of the other belt.
b) Two programmable pneumatic pistons with 5 inch travel.
c) Optical source to detect either metal or wooden moving parts on the conveyor belt when the light beam is cut.
d) A metal detector transducer to detect the metal part moving on the conveyor belt.
e) An external compressed air at 5Kg/cm2 is required to activate the pistons.

In order to accomplish this task, the flexible manufacturing system is used. For that we need belt conveyor, which is driven by a motor in which the metal and wooden piece move. In order to sort out the metal piece we need a PROXIMITY transducer & OPTICAL transducer and piston to push the pieces for further rotation. Piston is basically a pneumatic one, for which we need a compressor to actuate the piston, to move the test piece forward for further rotation.

Principle of Operation: -

The test pieces (both metal & wooden) will move through belt conveyor driven by a motor in the system. First the test piece will pass through the OPTICAL transducer basic principle of transducer is whenever light from the source is obstructed by any object it goes to high state. If any test piece obstructs the light path to transducer from the source it gives signal to piston & piston will move the test piece for further rotation

Once moved on to the other belt it will reach the PROXIMITY transducer. Transducer will differentiate the metal piece from the other pieces. Range of detection is about (0 - 5) mm. If it is above the range transducer will not detect metal parts.

NOTE: This can be used with PLC trainer also. This trainer provides very good scope to understand how automation process can be designed.

This is used to show & design how an external keyboard can be interfaced to the Microprocessor Trainer Model MPT85. While designing dedicated keypads. The keyboard has 16 keys placed in 4x4 array. The user has to write the operating program to show how a calculator or a dedicated keyboard is accessed, and programmed to perform, various arithmetic functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, spanision programs can be executed.

This interface also is used to design any dedicated system keypad. For example, keyboard for microwave oven.

Specifications:

• 16 robust keys are used.
  
• Keys are arranged in 4 X 4 matrix
  
• Status of keys are logged on an 8 BIT port.
  
• Programmable 8 bit LED port.
  
• Requires external power supply 5V DC @250mA

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBR-1.

This is an important interface module in the light of designing EMBEDDED control systems. An understanding on how to configure and manage to display messages is very vital on the LCD display. This is an alphanumeric display. It has 2 lines of 16 characters per line. This interface module has built-in power supply. Provision to alter the contrast. During experiment stage it is necessary to understand how to perform the following.

• Initialize the character generator RAM
  
• Initialize the Data Display RAM
  
• Clear the display
  
• How to display a stored data
  
• How to create lookup table
  
• How to edit data
  
• How to position the cursor on a line and on a specific character location
  
• How to make the cursor to blink on the next character position
  
• How to make the cursor to move left, right, UP, or down etc.

Lift simulator module, is an experimental module, to simulate the movement of lift in a building. This module consists of a row of LEDs, simulating various floors, and four momentary switches to simulate the request for lift service. These two sets of devices are connected as input and output ports of an 8255. By appropriately programming, for these devices, the simulation of LIFT operation can be studied. Essentially program skills are tested using this module, rather than creating a realistic approach to a lift control.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBR-1.

This demonstrator is an ON-OFF control interface instrument to Microprocessor trainer. It is intended to demonstrate how a Microprocessor controls the water level in a tank. This instrument consists of a 2-4 liter water tank. The ON and OFF of the pump is controlled by a 230V AC operated relay under program control. Two sensing electrodes monitor a bi-level i.e. lower level and upper level. The height of these electrodes is adjustable within the tank's limit. Control program identifies the status of these electrodes and switches ON or OFF the pump. A manual drain cock drains water from the tank, by turning the wheel valve. This is required to simulate the fall in water level.

Specifications:

• Adjustable Bi-level sensing electrode.
  
• 2-4 liter water tank, with drain facility.
  
• Relay operated special purpose water pump
  
• Necessary couplings and tubes.
  
• Built-in power supplies.

Note: Microprocessor trainer MPT-85 or IBM PC add-on card model IBR-1 is required.

This is a 2nd order control system. LVDT forms part of input transducer, and stepper motor becomes the actuating element. In this trainer, simple ON-OFF control is implemented when used with Microprocessor trainer Model MPT-85. In order to allow the control action, the set point of final position of LVDT displacement forms an Input element to the controller. The controller determines how fast the desired position should reach.

In order to facilitate the above objectives, an external Microprocessor trainer Model MPT-85 will act a controller. The student learns how to write a control algorithm to meet the above objective.

Specifications:

• LVDT : ?10mm LVDT
  
• Signal conditioner: Sine generator, instrumentation amplifier, and buffer amplifier.
  
• Display: On-board, 3-? digit displacement indicator
  
• ADC: 8 ?BIT compatible with MPT-85
  
• Stepper Motor: 2 Kg/cm2 with necessary power drivers.
  
• Built-in Power Supply
  
• Transducer assembly: The entire LVDT and the Stepper Motor is located in an ergonomically styled cabinet.
  
• Connections: using 15 Pin D-Type connector.

Note: This trainer requires an external Microprocessor Trainer Model MPT-85.

Material handling in any automated production plant is a common site. The materials to be handled may be bottles, packets, metallic pieces, sub-assemblies, etc. In order to provide a similar feature, the material handling experimenter is designed. This demonstration unit consists of a) a stepper motor, with an unending continuous conveyor belt rotating over a free wheel. The shaft of the motor drives the belt. b) A proximity switch is placed looking over this moving belt, to detect any moving object. The output of this transducer is the feedback to the trainer. c) A programmable relay operating a motor is available as a controller for controlling an external 230V AC motor. The above setup is connected to the Microprocessor trainer, Model MPT-85. By programming the trainer, various schemes can be simulated. For example; a) counting of parts moving on the belt, b) switch OFF external motor, on detecting a part moving on the conveyor, c) make the conveyor move until the next part arrives near the proximity sensor and so on. This is a practical application simulator

Specifications:

• Kg/Cm2 Stepper motor supplied.
  
• Built-in power supplies.
  
• Interface electronics included.
  
• An unending belt moving on a freewheel mechanism, driven by the motor.
  
• A proximity sensor with a detection range of 5mm.
  
• Relay which can operate a 230V AC device operating @ 250mA

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBR-1.

Pneumatic elements are extensively used in process control, machine control, design of robotic manipulators, etc. The objective of this trainer is to demonstrate how a Microprocessor controlled system, can control actuation of mechanical elements in the field of Pneumatics. Operating sequences can be changed by a mere change in program. Many experiments can be conducted using Pneumatic Trainer. Pneumatic trainer is an experimental instrument. It is intended to use this trainer, to study Fluidics by experimentation. This trainer contains pneumatic actuators and electronic transducers. These devices provide opportunity to study and experiment how industrial applications are working. These working principles are applicable to high-pressure pneumatic and hydraulic components. This trainer introduces some of the important types of fluid control devices, and explains how they are functioning.

The controller provides facility to program for any specific function, like holding a job and riveting, move a job to the next place, change a sequence by observing the status of a feedback transducer, change time between two successive operations etc. It is necessary to note that, the above functions can be achieved by appropriately programming the controller. This trainer is one part, while the other is a controller. This trainer can be connected to any one of the following trainers as controllers. They are; a) Computer applications trainer, Model DAS-1 which is connected to an IBM PC/XT/AT Pentium computer, or b) with 96 line TTL I/O add-on card, Model IBR-1 which is connected to an IBM PC/XT/AT Pentium computer, or c) Microprocessor Trainer MPT-85. Programs are supplied in BASIC, when connected to the computer or in mnemonic language when connected to Microprocessor trainer.

Features:

• The electronic interface devices used in this trainer are TTL compatible.
  
• Good experimental / demonstration training aid in FLUIDICS, or instrumentation laboratory.
  
• Can be used as an excellent output element in FEEDBACK CONTROL system design, as used in machine control like NC/CNC machines.
  
• Programmable in high level languages like BASIC, TURBO PASCAL, C, ASSEMBLY, or even in Machine language etc. as long as the support I/O instructions.
  
• Good documentation with experimental programs, and program listings in BASIC.
  
• Useful in engineering colleges, Polytechnics, Training Establishments, R/D Laboratories, Defense Laboratories etc.
  
• It is possible to accomplish the following functions.
  
• Study of controlling the movement of pistons in the power cylinders.
  
• Study and experiment BOOLEAN functions like AND, OR, NOT, EX-OR, NAND, memory etc.
  
• Feedback control using built-in transducers (sensors) as feedback elements.
  
• Timing between the movement of two or more pistons.
  
• Variable time sequence.
  
• Programming the sequence of actuation of pistons.
  
• Design Inter-locking programs.
  
• Implement your own logic system, with the available input output elements.
  
• To some extent, this becomes your prototype development instrument.
  
• In addition to the above, using some of our external experimental modules, the trainer becomes more versatile FLUID POWER TRAINER.

A sample program is illustrated here, to explain how pneumatic cylinders are programmed in time domain. In this example, each piston extends and retracts with a time delay in a cyclic order. The operation repeats again and again, unless program execution is aborted.

10 port &H830E: REM "Set the port number
20 Delay = 600 REM " Set a delay period. Larger the delay number, longer the time between two successive operations
30 OUT PORT, 1: REM "Cylinder A's piston extend
40 FOR I=0 to delay: Next I
50 OUT PORT, 2 : REM" Holding current on D0 piston removed by applying a logic '0' and a logic'1' applied on D1 piston consequently A-piston RETRACTS. Strictly, this is not permitted. There should be some time delay, between switching OFF extending piston and switching ON retract piston.
60 FOR I = 0 TO DELAY: NEXT I
70 OUT PORT 4: REM "piston - A retract. Piston-B extends
80 FOR I = 0 DELAY: NEXT I
90 OUT PORT, 8: REM "Piston -B retracts
100 FOR I=0 TO DELAY: NEXT I
110 OUT PORT, 16: REM" Piston C extend
120 FOR I = 0 DELAY: NEXT I
130 OUT PORT, 32: REM" Piston-C retract
140 FOR I = 0 TO DELAY: NEXT I
150 OUT PORT, 64: REM "Piston -D extend
160 FOR I = 0 TO DELAY: NEXT I
170 OUT PORT, 128 : REM" Piston-D retract
180 FOR I = 0 TO DELAY: NEXT I
190 GOTO 30: REM " Indefinite loop. Go and execute the same again and again

Specifications:

• 40mm bore x 5/8" pistons. 4Nos.
  
• 4-way-5 port double acting solenoids. 4 Nos., Mufflers. 8Nos.
  
• 3/8" Filter Line Regulation unit. 1 No
  
• LED indicator for piston status. 8 Nos.
  
• Optical transducer. 1 No.
  
• Proximity sensor (metal detector). 1 No.
  
• Bi-level water level transducer. 1 No
  
• All elements mounted on 3' x 3' inclined stand, standing at a height of 5'.
  
• TTL compatible logic interface provided.
  
• Dedicated DC power source provided.
  
• Note: Microprocessor trainer MPT-85 or IBM PC add-on card model IBR-1 or Computer Applications Trainer, Model DAS-1 is required.
  
• Controllers are not included with this instrument.

Note: the user must provide Compressed air inlet pressure of 6Kg/cm2. We recommend ELGI make compressor of Model 105B, 230V AC single Phase.

In microcomputer system, the most important device to display data is CRT. But large amount of data cannot be displayed using CRT. So, printer is used to display and store large amount data. Hence we require a PRINTER INTERFACE MODULE to interface a printer to the microcomputer system. Before studying the printer interface module we shall understand the operation theory of printer.

The purpose of this trainer is to understand how to program a printer interface and write programs to make the printer to print any desired character. Printer interface module is connected to the system bus, of Microprocessor trainer, model MPT-85. The interface module has electronics required for connecting to a printer. The emphasis in this trainer is to study the signal requirement of a printer, from Microprocessor interfacing angle. Sample programs are providing to test the interface for printing standard character. Four LEDs indicate the status of select, printer enable, busy and error. The module comes with power supply. Printer cable not supplied.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced Microprocessor trainer MPT-85

The solid state relay module is similar to relay module. In this module a solid state device is used to turn ON/OFF the external 230V AC lamp, or a motor. There are two solid state relays placed on this module. The control signal required to open or close the gate of the device is to be provided by the external digital system. A Microprocessor trainer can be used for control.

Specifications:

• Two solid state relays are used.
  
• Each relay operates @ 230V AC @ 0.2A.
  
• Inputs are TTL compatible.
  
• Two 230V AC sockets, provided for connecting devices.
  
• Spark quenching electronics incorporated.
  
• Requires external power supply of 5V DC @ 250mA. Model EDE-1 is suitable for this.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBL-IBR-1.

Stepper motor is a DC motor. It differs with conventional motors, in the sense; stepper motor is used for positioning the rotor at a specified position. A sequential magnetization and demagnetization, enables the rotor of the motor to rotate on its axis by a fixed angle. If this is so, it should be possible to rotate only a few steps either in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. For example: In a printer, a stepper motor controls the print head movement. A stepper motor can be used in any place where, a precise mechanical movement is desired. Stepper motor module, Model IM-14 is a single stepper motor module. A 3Kg/cm2 motor is used and supplied with this module. The module has built-in power supplies, interface electronics to drive the motor. Number of steps and direction are programmable. This module requires external control system.

Specifications:

• One 3Kg/cm2 Stepper motor supplied.
  
• Built-in power supply.
  
• Interface electronics included.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add – on card Model: IBR-1.

This module is intended to conduct input / output interface experiments. It has 8 SPDT switches connected as input and 8 LEDs as output port. The student learns how to input 8-bit data from an external hardware, and display the same on external 8 -bit LED port. At the time of project design or prototype development, this can be used as a development module, whenever I/O operation is to be performed. It helps in validating the designed program. An external power supply of + 5V @ 250mA is required.

Specifications:

• 8 numbers of SPDT switches.
  
• 8 numbers of high bright LEDs.
  
• Electronic Design Experimenter Model EDE-1 is recommended.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBL-IBR-1.

This temperature control trainer is a Microprocessor based instrument. This is an ON-OFF controller. This module must be connected to Microprocessor trainer Model MPT-85 or MPT-J-85 or MPT-86 or MCT-31/51 when you want to program at machine level. This trainer has provision to connect to IBR-1. This card is used as an ADD-On interface card, when you want to use higher level language like, C / C++, VB, or VC++ etc.

The purpose of this trainer is to provide an experimental setup for the student to learn as an ON-OFF control, and experiment how a Microprocessor is used to log (acquire) analog data from the thermocouple, convert that to digital value using ADC, set an upper and lower cut-off points (temperatures) for ON-OFF control action, and display the converted data in the form of packed BCD format so that the display shows the actual temperature in terms of degree centigrade on Microprocessor?s display.

This trainer has necessary signal conditioners, Instrumentation amplifiers, buffer amplifiers, room temperature compensator, and calibration multi-turn potentiometers for adjusting zero and span temperature. It has a 230V AC operated solid-state relay, which is used to switch OFF/ ON the relay. This is a programmable 230V AC outlet. You can connect 350Watt mini immersion heater at this socket. A ? Lt Boro-silicate glass beaker contains water, in which the water is immersed. The temperate of the water bath is measured using a mercury thermometer for cross verification. This is supplied along with this trainer. It is necessary for you to read the description of the equipment?s input output terminals, functions of each block and understand them before actually connecting the instrument. After this stage it is necessary to read the actual program for understanding software functions used in the actual program. Microprocessor programs are supplied along with this trainer

Specifications:

• Thermocouple: RTD TYPE temperature transducer, which can be connected as sensing electrode, and also glass thermometer.
  
• Signal conditioner circuit: This consists of Instrumentation amplifiers, buffer amplifiers, room temperature compensator,
  
• Adjustment: For Zero and Span
  
• Heater: 350 Watts operating at 230V AC
  
• Container: ? Lt Borosilicate glass jar
  
• Converters: 8 bit ADC and DAC
  
• Compatible: With 8 bit-Microprocessor trainer Model MPT-85, or MPT-J-85 or, MCT-31 or with IBM compatible dedicated ADD-ON card model IBR-1.

Traffic light control experimental module is made up of array 20 LEDs. The LEDs are physically arranged on the front panel such that, they resemble traffic junction of a road. The traffic moves in all directions of NORTH, SOUTH, EAST and WEST. Colored LEDs are used to simulate RED, GREEN, and AMBER for each direction. In addition, 4 optical sensors are also used to signal the end of simulated traffic flow in each direction. There are LEDs, which simulate the flow of traffic. Now the student has to write program, following rudiments of traffic signal lights. Each LED is accessible as one bit of I/O ports of 8255. Test programs are supplied along with the kit. More programs are to be written by the student or a trainee. The instrument is supplied with built-in power supply.

Specifications:

• Traffic: In 4 directions. Movement of traffic simulated by 2 LEDs in each direction.
  
• Sensors: 4 optical sensors.
  
• Signal: Red, Green and Amber LED in each direction.
  
• Every LED and optical sensors are bit-addressable.
  
• Built-in power supplies.

Note: This experimental module can be interfaced to all Microprocessor trainers, Micro control trainers or IBM PC Add ? on card Model: IBR-1.